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Table 1 Participant characteristics comparing included Insight 46 participants and all other NSHD participants with complete records

From: Grip strength from midlife as an indicator of later-life brain health and cognition: evidence from a British birth cohort

  Age 53
(omitted) 		Age 53
(included) 		p-value Age 60-64
(omitted) 		Age 60-64
(included) 		p-value Age 69
(omitted) 		Age 69
(included) 		p-value
No. with complete records M:
F: 		962 (49.0)
1000 (51.0) 		211 (50.7)
205 (49.3) 		0.53 599 (48.0)
649 (52.0) 		208 (51.2)
198 (48.8) 		0.25 681 (48.5)
722 (51.5) 		217 (51.4)
205 (48.6) 		0.30
Age, years M:
F: 		53.5 (0.2)
53.5 (0.2) 		53.4 (0.2)
53.4 (0.2) 		0.12
0.01 		63.2 (1.2)
63.4 (1.1) 		63.4 (1.0)
63.3 (1.1) 		0.10
0.54 		69.5 (0.2)
69.5 (0.2) 		69.5 (0.2)
69.5 (0.2) 		0.02
0.09
Physical performance
 Max grip strength (kg) M:
F: 		47.8 (12.0)
27.5 (7.9) 		47.2 (12.7)
29.5 (7.7) 		0.62
<0.001 		44.5 (11.7)
26.2 (7.4) 		45.8 (11.3)
26.5 (7.4) 		0.15
0.60 		39.9 (8.6)
24.0 (5.9) 		41.2 (8.3)
24.7 (5.5) 		0.04
0.12
Body size
 Height (cm) M:
F: 		174.6 (6.5)
161.6 (5.9) 		175.1 (6.1)
162.2 (5.6) 		0.25
0.14 		174.7 (6.6)
161.7 (5.9) 		175.5 (5.9)
162.2 (5.4) 		0.13
0.37 		173.8 (6.4)
160.4 (5.9) 		174.1 (6.2)
161.1 (5.5) 		0.56
0.12
 Weight (kg) M:
F: 		83.4 (13.8)
71.4 (14.2) 		83.1 (11.3)
69.9 (12.2) 		0.77
0.17 		85.6 (13.7)
73.5 (15.4) 		84.7 (11.9)
71.7 (12.8) 		0.42
0.14 		83.8 (12.0)
70.3 (13.1) 		83.8 (12.0)
70.3 (13.1) 		0.12
0.02
Sociodemographics; N (%)
 Adult SEP Manual 708 (36.1) 64 (15.4) <0.001 398 (31.9) 67 (16.5) <0.001 451 (31.1) 62 (14.7) <0.001
Non-manual 1254 (63.9) 352 (84.6) 850 (68.1) 339 (83.5) 952 (67.9) 360 (85.3)
 Education level (at 26) No formal 1152 (58.7) 135 (32.4)   668 (53.5) 127 (31.3) <0.001 782 (55.7) 133 (31.5)  
School exams 671 (34.2) 210 (50.5) 474 (38.0) 207 (51.0) 513 (36.6) 218 (51.7)
Degree+ 139 (7.1) 71 (17.1) 106 (8.5) 72 (17.7) 108 (7.7) 71 (16.8)
Behavioural and health risk factors
 Physical activity (last 4 weeks); N (%) None 1005 (51.2) 130 (31.2) <0.001 827 (66.3) 208 (51.2)   863 (61.5) 185 (43.8) <0.001
1-4 times 331 (16.9) 93 (22.4) 156 (12.5) 79 (19.5) 183 (13.0) 62 (14.7)
5+ times 626 (31.9) 193 (46.4) 265 (21.2) 119 (29.3) 357 (25.5) 175 (41.5)
 FHS-CVD risk score 11.1 (3.2) 9.8 (2.7) <0.001 14.3 (3.2) 13.5 (2.9) <0.001 15.7 (3.2) 15.1 (3.0) <0.001
Baseline cognition
 Childhood cognitive ability (z-score) 0.1 (0.9) 0.6 (0.8) <0.001 0.1 (0.9) 0.6 (0.8) <0.001 0.1 (0.9) 0.6 (0.8) <0.001
  1. * Occupation at age 53 or imputed from earlier in life if missing
  2. † Office-based FHS-CVD risk scores were calculated for each participant as per the supplementary tables in D’Agostino et al. (2008) based on their age, sex, body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP; medicated or unmedicated), diabetes status, and smoking status
  3. ‡ General cognitive ability was tested at age 15, age 11, and/or age 8, and standardised based on all study participants at each age
  4. ‘Omitted’ refers to those in the whole NSHD with complete records at each study wave who were not included in the analysis of cognitive and neuroimaging outcomes; ‘included’ refers to those in the present study (total n = 446). Continuous measures are given as mean (SD) to 1 decimal place (d.p.), and categorical variables are given as number (%). P-values are from chi-squared tests for categorical variables, and two-tailed t-tests for continuous variables
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BMC Geriatrics

ISSN: 1471-2318

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