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|
Variable
|
CON group (N = 32)
|
TCE group (N = 36)
|
95 % Confidence interval
|
t
|
p
|
Cohen’ d
|
|---|
|
Lower
|
Upper
|
|---|
|
Age (years)
|
75.4 ± 6.4
|
77.4 ± 5.9
|
-
|
-
|
1.355
|
0.180
|
0.325
|
|
Sex (Female/Male)
|
30/2
|
32/4
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
0.481
|
-
|
|
Body-mass index (kg/m2)
|
24.0 ± 2.7
|
24.7 ± 2.6
|
-0.589
|
2.015
|
1.093
|
0.278
|
0.264
|
|
30-s arm curl test (no. of times)
|
23.3 ± 6.5
|
21.4 ± 5.8
|
-4.994
|
1.029
|
-1.315
|
0.193
|
0.308
|
|
30-s chair stand (no. of times)
|
17.3 ± 3.5
|
16.2 ± 3.7
|
-2.789
|
0.734
|
-1.165
|
0.248
|
0.305
|
|
2-min step test (no. of times)
|
170.6 ± 35.6
|
146.2 ± 37.4
|
-42.130
|
-6.675
|
-2.748
|
0.008
|
0.668
|
|
Chair sit-and-reach test (cm)
|
-4.4 ± 8.8
|
-9.1 ± 9.4
|
-9.076
|
-0.240
|
-2.105
|
0.039
|
0.516
|
|
Back-scratch flexibility test (cm)
|
-7.4 ± 6.1
|
-9.9 ± 12.1
|
-7.135
|
2.002
|
-1.088
|
0.281
|
0.261
|
|
Single-leg stand with eyes opened (s)
|
13.8 ± 12.9
|
12.8 ± 12.3
|
-7.156
|
5.039
|
-0.347
|
0.730
|
0.080
|
|
Single-leg stand with eyes closed (s)
|
5.3 ± 2.2
|
3.2 ± 1.6
|
-3.021
|
-1.159
|
-4.482
|
3.02*10− 5
|
1.092
|
|
Functional-reach test (cm)
|
20.5 ± 6.9
|
16.0 ± 4.6
|
-7.426
|
-1.664
|
-3.235
|
0.002
|
0.767
|
|
8-foot up-and-go test (s)
|
8.4 ± 3.2
|
10.0 ± 3.4
|
0.009
|
3.188
|
2.007
|
0.049
|
0.485
|
|
10-m walk test (s)
|
8.0 ± 1.8
|
8.3 ± 2.5
|
-0.788
|
1.331
|
0.512
|
0.611
|
0.138
|
- Data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation
- bold p value represents reaching the significant level (p < 0.05)
