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Table 1 Frequency distribution of background characteristics of elderly who make visits to private or government hospital for seeking treatment in 2014–15 in Pakistan (N = 5319)

From: Behavioral factors associated with utilization of healthcare services among elderly in Pakistan: evidence from a nationally representative survey

  Private hospital
n (%)
Government hospital
n (%)
Total
n (%)
Chi-square
Background characteristics
Total 3853 (72.4) 1466 (27.5) 5, 319  
Pre-disposing factors
  Age group (years)     0.00
   60–69 2059 (71.8) 806 (28.13) 2856 (53.8)  
   70–79 1167 (70.73) 483 (29.27) 1650 (31.02)  
   80 and above 627 (77.9) 177 (22.01) 804 (15.12)  
  Gender
   Male 1770 (73.6) 632 (26.3) 2402 (45.16)  
   Female 2083 (71.4) 834 (28.5) 2917 (54.8)  
  Place of residence     0.015
   Rural 3181 (71.7) 1251 (28.2) 4432 (83.3)  
   Urban 672 (75.7) 215 (24.2) 887 (16.6)  
  Province     0.000
   Punjab 1975 (83.4) 392 (16.5) 2367 (44.5)  
   Sindh 671 (65.5) 352 (34.4) 1023 (19.2)  
   KPK 785 (59.7) 528 (40.2) 1313 (24.6)  
   Balochistan 422 (68.5) 194 (31.4) 616 (11.5)  
  Marital status     0.72
   Married 2048 (72.2) 787 (27.7) 2835 (53.30)  
   Widow/divorced/Never married 1805 (72.6) 679 (27.3) 2.484 (46.7)  
Enabling factors
  Attended school     0.00
   Yes 638 (78.19) 178 (21.8) 816 (15.3)  
   No 3215 (71.4) 1288 (28.6) 4503 (84.6)  
  Pension     0.42
   Yes 182 (70.2) 77 (29.7) 259 (4.8)  
   No 3671 (72.5) 1389 (27.4) 5060 (95.13)  
  Wealth status     0.003
   Poorest 657 (70.9) 269 (29.0) 926 (17.41)  
   Poor 716 (70.5) 299 (29.46) 1015 (19.08)  
   Middle 729 (70.7) 302 (29.2) 1031 (19.3)  
   Rich 785 (70.71) 302 (29.2) 1087 (20.4)  
   Richest 966 (76.6) 294 (23.3) 1260 (23.6)  
Need factors     0.04
  Frequency of consultation
   1 1690 (71.9) 659 (28.0) 2349 (44.1)  
   2 1569 (72.5) 593 (27.4) 2162 (40.6)  
   3 and more 594 (73.5) 214 (26.4) 808 (15.1)  
  1. P-value was calculated at three significance levels: **p < 0.010, ***p < 0.001, and *p < 0.05
  2. Note: Private and governmental hospital comprise 100% (row column) and the total category comprises the column percentages